This retrospective cohort study was conducted using paper charts and electronic medical records extracted from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients who initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at Orotta National Pediatric Referral Hospital (ONPRH) in Asmara, Eritrea, from January 2005 to December 2020. Since the commencement of the pediatric HIV/AIDS follow-up clinic in Orotta Pediatric Hospital in 2005, 822 children under the age of 18 years have received service in the clinic. All children aged 18 years and under living with HIV/AIDS who attended the NPRH HIV follow-up clinic from 2005 to 2020 were enrolled in the study. The median age at enrollment was 78 months. At the initiation of treatment, the majority of patients were over 60 months of age (634, 77.1%), male (439, 53.4%), and from the Maekel (592, 72.3%).