The participants of the ALT cohort were recruited during their tenth consecutive year of antiretroviral treatment (ART). They were recruited from an adult HIV clinic and an Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) research cohort. In the first year, the participants had monthly check-ups at the clinics and were contacted by the study every three months, then, from the second year, they visited the clinic every three months and are followed up by the study annually. The majority of the cohort are female and based in Kampala, Uganda.