The CaMos study was a population-based longitudinal study that included 10,424 participants recruited from nine cities across Canada, aimed at understanding osteoporosis and bone health. Participants were recruited beginning in 1995 using random sampling of residential telephone numbers, with age-stratified selection within households and eligibility based on proximity (within 50 km) to study centres. The initial cohort consisted of 9,423 non-institutionalised adults aged 25 and older. In a later phase between 2004 and 2006, an additional 1,001 young adults (16 to 24 years) were recruited to expand the study’s scope to younger populations. Participants were followed up annually until 2018 via postal questionnaires, with more detailed clinical assessments conducted at years 3, 5, 10, and 16.