The Cuba prospective study is a cohort study assessing 146,556 adults aged over 30 years old and aims to evaluate the impact of tobacco use, alongside risk factors such as alcohol use, on premature deaths within Cuba. The study included 64,743 men and 81,914 women across five of Cuba's provinces, whereby data on their lifestyle behaviours was collected. Participants have been followed up for nearly 20 years, with follow-up assessments conducted through electronic linkage to national death registries. Additionally, between 2006 and 2008, a subset of 24,345 participants was re-surveyed using the same procedures as at recruitment to account for errors in baseline measurement.