This study was a retrospective cohort study of Australian male Army personnel who served in Vietnam between 1962 and July 1973. The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of Dapsone, an anti-malarial drug used during the Vietnam War, on the mortality and cancer incidence of Vietnam veterans. The study examined all deaths identified from the end of service to 31 December 2001 and all cancers diagnosed from 1982 to 31 December 2000. The study includes a total of 40,207 Army Vietnam veterans, including 16,945 veterans who were not exposed to Dapsone and 23,262 veterans who were exposed. The mean year of birth of Army personnel who did not receive Dapsone was 1942 (range 1907–54), whereas the mean year of birth for those exposed to Dapsone was 1945 (range 1911–1952). The mean age of those determined to be alive at the end of the study period was 56 years (range 47–90); 58 years for non-exposed veterans and 55 years for those exposed.