This study aimed to assess the financial burden of tuberculosis (TB) treatment across diverse population groups, including slum dwellers and tea garden workers, through a cohort of 1,482 drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) TB patients recruited from Assam, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal in India. Participants were recruited in 2019 from public health facilities using government registers.. The cohort includes both drug-susceptible TB patients, who were interviewed at three time points- during the intensive phase (0 to 2 months), at the end of the continuation phase (5 to 6 months), and six months post-treatment and MDR-TB patients, who were interviewed at the start of the intensive phase (1 to 3 months), during the continuation phase (6 to 12 months), and at the end of treatment (24 months).