This study aimed to examine the critical periods for trauma-related correlates of brain development as part of the Grady Trauma Project in Atlanta, United States of America. The study began in 2012 and recruited 120 African American children aged 8 to 14 years, along with their mothers. Children in this sample reported high frequencies of exposure to violence and other types of trauma. Participants were excluded if they met the diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), bipolar or psychotic disorders, neurological disorder, or cognitive disability. Children and mothers completed a baseline assessment and at least one follow-up assessment, 9 and 18 months following baseline.