The JPS originally aimed to investigate hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Israel. It has since been extended to examine the developmental origins of cardiometabolic risk and explore the mechanisms underlying the associations between perinatal characteristics and the development of risk for adult chronic disease. The JPS cohort consists of all 92,000 children born to 44,000 mothers in West Jerusalem from 1964 to 1976. At baseline, participants were either interviewed antenatally or postnatally, or their information was collected from hospital records during the recruitment period. Participants have been followed up passively through linked government and healthcare data. A subset of participants were also interviewed when the children were 18 to 19 years old. The JPS Family Follow-up study was launched in 2007 and follows a subset of the children, as well as their siblings and fathers.