This research conducts a population-based cohort survey to study HIV transmission dynamics and their impacts across 12 sites in Manicaland province, Zimbabwe, representing diverse socio-economic strata. Between 1998 and 2013, six survey rounds gathered extensive data on HIV prevalence, incidence, and related mortality among children and adults. Each round included household censuses, interviews with participants (including HIV testing), verbal autopsy interviews with caregivers of past participants who have died since the previous round, and interviews with and collection of dried blood spot samples for HIV testing from women attending for antenatal check-ups at local health clinics. With phased enumeration to maintain data quality, the study provides insights into the epidemic over time.