The MUg observational cohort was designed to evaluate treatment outcomes, retention in care, and comorbidities among individuals initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Kampala, Uganda. The cohort initially included nearly 900 participants who began cART between 2004 and 2011, with a wide age range from newborns to older adults, and the majority being female (63.2%). Participants were scheduled for routine follow-up visits approximately every two months, during which physicians collected clinical data, and at the last follow-up in 2011, the cohort had expanded to 1,071 individuals, with only 3.7% lost to follow-up over the study period.