The NASCITA cohort aims to gather comprehensive data on all newborns, including those with congenital malformations, to enhance epidemiological insights. The study was embedded within Italian pediatric primary care practice, leveraging a pre-existing network of family paediatricians primarily associated with the national Pediatric Cultural Association (ACP). Recruitment relied on voluntary participation from paediatricians committing to seven years of involvement, while newborn enrollment occurred during routine well-child visits within the first 45 days of life, with parental consent obtained through oral and written information dissemination.