NYSC is a prospective study established to investigate dietary and lifestyle factors in relation to cancer risk, comprising 57,968 participants (32,689 men and 25,279 women) who were long-term residents of New York State, United States of America. Participants were recruited in 1980 via a mailed questionnaire sent to individuals identified as residentially stable, meaning they had lived at the same address and had the same phone number for the previous 18 years. The cohort was mainly aged between 40 and 80 years at baseline. Follow-up was conducted passively through 1987 using state registries, with a second questionnaire administered in 1988, and a nested case-control study involving active follow-up between 1992 and 1994.