This study investigated rural development and socio-economic change in Sugao village, Maharashtra, India. Beginning in 1942, over 1,600 individuals (approximately 320 families) were recruited through a full census conducted by the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 1958 and 1977, during which the village population expanded by 60%, reaching over 2,500 individuals. Each wave collected household- and individual-level data on social structure, livelihoods, and migration to track long-term changes in the village economy.