The study titled "The impact of parental availability on Swazi students’ school achievement: a nine year longitudinal study" investigates the effects of parental absence on primary school children's academic performance in Swaziland. In 1990, the cohort recruited 80 students who entered grade one in various primary schools across Swaziland. By 1998, 42 of the original 80 students remained in the educational system, showing varied educational attainment levels. The cohort was followed up over nine years, with key assessments conducted in 1998 to evaluate their academic progress and outcomes.