The Thousand Aviator Study was a longitudinal cohort study that began in 1940, involving 1,056 Naval aviators recruited from Pensacola, Florida, the United States of America, with the aim of investigating physiological and psychological aging in a healthy, homogeneous population. Participants were enrolled while undergoing flight training at the Naval School of Aviation Medicine (NAMI). The cohort consisted exclusively of young, white males, most of whom were between 20 and 30 years old at the time of recruitment. Follow-up assessments were conducted in 1951, 1957, 1963, and 1969-1971, spanning over three decades of data collection.