TUVA is a longitudinal, population-based study conducted in Turku, Finland, designed to investigate factors influencing positive life orientation and overall well-being and health outcomes among older adults. It comprises two cohorts of community-dwelling older adults from Turku: the TUVA cohort, including over 1,000 individuals born in 1920, and the UTUVA cohort (new TUVA cohort), including over 900 individuals born in 1940. Participants were recruited at age 70 years through population-based sampling of all residents in Turku born in the respective years, with baseline assessments conducted in 1991–1992 for TUVA and in 2011 for UTUVA. Both cohorts were followed up using similar protocols, with TUVA followed at ages 70, 80, 85, and 90, and UTUVA followed at ages 70 and 80 so far, with plans for continued follow-up every five years up to 25 years.